Winkler Index Zone: II in a cool year, IV in a hot year, and generally in between.
Soils: Extremely varied, generally shallow and nutrient-poor.
Old World Wine Region Twins: Rioja, Rhône Valley.
What You Should Drink: Tempranillo, Syrah, Viognier, Malbec.
What Else is Here: World’s best cheese 2019 (Rogue Creamery Blue), white water rafting, pears (Harry & David), mountain biking, Oregon Shakespeare Festival
The Rogue Valley (home to Resistance Wine Co) is actually three valleys: Bear Creek, Applegate, and Illinois. All three of these wine regions in Oregon are just north of the California border, inland from the Pacific Ocean and part of the Siskiyou mountains. The Applegate Valley is its own AVA (American Viticultural Area, which is a federal designation). It wouldn’t be a surprise if other subregions of the Rogue Valley were to petition for their own Southern Oregon AVAs in the future due to their distinctive features.
The Illinois Valley Oregon wine region is relatively cool and Bear Creek Valley bakes in the summer. All are dry- there is almost no measurable rainfall between June and September, and most years find us at varying levels of drought.
Within each valley, elevation and aspect have a big impact on each vineyard’s microclimate. The Rogue River, Applegate River and Illinois River each impact temperatures and regional climates. Higher elevation vineyards receive more direct, concentrated sunlight, which translates into tougher skinned grapes with more tannin development – great for producing age-worthy red wines like Syrah, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon or Malbec.
High elevation sites also generally benefit from large diurnal temperature swings (i.e., the difference in day-to-night temperatures), which contribute to slow sugar accumulation and allow the grapes more “hang time” to develop riper flavors prior to harvest.
Flatter, lower-elevation sites are good for early-ripening varieties, thinner-skinned varieties, and rootstocks that thrive with higher soil moisture like Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc and Pinot Gris. Southern- and western-facing hillsides get more direct sunlight and do so earlier in the spring; northern- and eastern-facing slopes have less direct exposure. The valley floor is hot during the day and cool at night producing some great Rogue Valley wine.
Basically, we can find a site in the Rogue Valley to grow just about any grape variety. And because the Rogue Valley is a patchwork quilt of small, family-farmed vineyards sprinkled across the three valleys, it continues to be a great adventure finding vineyards that have successfully matched varieties to their sites and are producing stellar winegrapes. To date we have zeroed in on multiple sites for Syrah and Malbec for red wine, plus Merlot for rosé. Stay tuned for new additions coming in vintage 2021!
For our part, we have planted Syrah on our own southeast-facing slope in Ashland (Bear Creek Valley) at 2,000 feet. In a few years we’ll see how it turns out!